Air, Architecture and Other Climates
DS18 2019 -2023; Design Studio book; Edited by Laura Nica, John Cook and Ben Pollock.
Introduction
This edition of studio as book documents the period between 2019 to 2022 of Design Studio 18 (DS18) at the University of Westminster, tutored by John Cook, Ben Pollock and Laura Nica, through their investigations titled 'Air, Atmosphere and Other Climates'. This book contains an edited selection of student work produced under this theme, and is supported by a series of writings and reflections from our peers, collaborators and past students engaged with the studio over this period.
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Studio Background
DS18 was established in 2013 by Professor Lindsay Bremner and Roberto Bottazzi, setting out to explore the intersection of architecture, urbanism and geology framed by three interrelated ideas. The first was around the then recent hypothesis that humanity had entered a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene, whereby the impacts of our society on the planet were so widespread and significant they would materially register within future geologic strata along their associated deep geologic time scales. The second in relation to this, was the recognition that humanity’s accelerated and mass mobilisation of earths materials and energies had now interfered with the planets stratigraphy, oceans and atmosphere to such an extent, that what was once considered a geologic system, a hydrologic system, and an urban or infrastructural system, were so deeply entangled they were no longer distinguishable. (01) And finally methodologically, was in thinking about these architectural, urban and infrastructural systems as intensities of data, energy and matter amongst these wider interlinked material systems, how we could enlist computational tools and data to analyse, simulate and visualise these processes in order to intervene in them through design.


Structure of Book
The book is organised as a set of three trajectories that move at different speeds, allowing readers a degree of flexibility in approaching it.
The first trajectory spans the entire arc of the book and traces the feedback loop linking architecture, computational design and representation.
A second series of (medium speed) trajectories is found within the book chapters. Each chapter traces the feedback between specific concepts and methodologies, illustrated and developed through examples from internal and external practices and writings – ranging from conceptual interpretations of air, towards systems and techniques of engaging with the atmosphere and the environment.
Chapter 1, Air + Atmosphere introduces and explores the conceptual framing of the studio’s agenda. The chapter explores air across its array of diverse terms, through their disparities of meaning, contrasting modes of perception, and diverse ways of understanding. From international politics, science and climatology, to local cultures and lived experiences of weather.
Chapter 2, Cartographic Imaginaries reflects on the development of the studio's use of mapping and cartographic methodologies, from the planetary scales of meteorological computing, to the localised impacts of climate change. The chapter covers more experimental explorations of data, informing new aerial approaches to site planning and strategic spatial design configurations. Mapping here is introduced as a design research method, a data-driven analytical tool, and a multi-scaled and temporal representational medium.
Chapter 3, Simulations introduces the use of the computational simulation tools (CFD), in attempts to capture and describe the complexities of air dynamics and behaviours across scales, space and time. From environmental simulations, geometrical optimisations to interactive modelling – the chapter outlines the use and calibration of digital simulation in practice, its notational history and development, as well as its potential future use in architectural surface exploration and artefact. Fluid simulations offer new aerial design methods for the development of architectural form, material investigations and detailing.
Chapter 4, Archives outlines architecture’s potential role in recording, preserving and managing climatic information, registering volumes of air through various layers in flux, to create physical marks of memory and visualise new conditions of space. This chapter presents a series of student proposals, as well as other creative approaches developed by the studio to document, archive and utilise the generated content through various visual assemblies, to expand collaboration and multi-disciplinary dialogues.
Chapter 5, Beyond Studio reflects on the studio’s pedagogical approach, told through contributions from past students who have each carved their own path into alternative modes of spatial practice, founded and building upon the studios’ unique methodologies and thinking. The chapter highlights a network of intersecting fields, delving into broader themes such as sustainability, digital innovation, ethical practice, and design’s evolving role as an agent of care.
The third trajectory is composed of an extensive array of student work, of various scales, programmes and detail. These range from strategic masterplans, retrofit schemes, micro interventions and quasi-infrastructural proposals, intended to allow for a more rapid perusal. Developed through a minimum of a seven-month period, these pages represent a sample of essential ideas describing air as a medium of design, research engagement and spatial enquiry.




The Earth as an Archive
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Launched at the end of 2019, the Earth Archive Initiative promised to be an unprecedented scientific effort that aspired to create a high-resolution record of the earth’s entire surface and everything on it. [1] Every rock, crevasse and vegetation species, every tree (with its size, width, biomass, carbon content etc.), each settlement type, natural or man-made geo-morphologies, a register of various levels, datums in material strata, displaying densities, associated geology and ecological habitats were to be scanned, digitised and compiled, to create a true three-dimensional digital twin of the world. The urgency behind this undertaking was driven by the idea that the shapes of the continents will soon become unrecognisable due to the rise of sea levels, vast areas of the planet will become desertified, pockets of forest will turn to grasslands, urban settlements will continue to expand, and the entire frozen territories will change in character and properties in the next century, accelerated by climate change.
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This essay seeks to conduct a critique of this initiative, emphasising its disproportionately ambitious scope, its heavy dependence on digital technologies and its characterization as a repository rather than an authentic archive. The paper introduces two design methodologies used in Design Studio 18 (DS18) to record, preserve and manage climatic information. The project invites a broader dialogue on how to archive climate change, encouraging discussions on time (archives that need to transcend generations), space (types of records describing fluid matter) and formats of climatic records (repositories of both digital and physical commons). Without attempting to comprehensively cover scientific or cultural archives, this essay explores the creative dimensions of data archiving, stimulating archival imagination in both prospective and retrospective directions. It includes the (im)possibility of creating an Atlas of Ecological Tectonics and explores architecture’s potential role as an organiser of the earth’s amorphous matter (air), recording various layers in flux to create a physical mark of memory and visualise a new condition of space.
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[1] C. Fisher and S. Leisz, The Earth Archive Initiative, https://www.theeartharchive.com/index.php (accessed 05 January 2025) and The Case for an Earth Archive, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ma5sxcObxpE&ab_channel=GeoWeek (accessed 05 January 2025).
C. Fisher, S. Leisz, D. Evans, D.H. Wall, K. Galvin, M. Laituri, G. Henebry, J. Zeidler, J.C. Fernandez-Diaz, S. Pallickara, S. Pallickara, T. Garrison, F. Estrada-Belli, E. Neves, K. Reese-Taylor, R. Opitz, T. Lovejoy, W. Sarni, R. Solinis, G. Ellis, M. Carvalho, C. White, L. Daggars, R.A. Gasson-Pacheco, A. Bolaños, V. Scarborough, Creating an Earth Archive, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 119 (11) e2115485119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115485119 (2022) (accessed 15 December 2024).​​
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